Let us begin with Urdu which, apart from being the National and Official language of Pakistan, is also the most widely used and spoken Arabic script language in the world after Arabic itself. While discussing the development of Urdu Computing Standards, the leading experts in the field conceded that:
Different authors have quoted different number of characters in Urdu alphabet (e.g. even the elementary books for children do not agree on the same alphabet. Kifayat (1993), Siraj (1999), PTBB [Punjab Text Book Board] (2000), BUQ (1999) and KUQ(1999) have 36, 51, 53, 47, and 37 characters respectively...) ... As no general agreement was available, the standardization] committees agreed to consider the alphabet used by the National Language Authority (NLA), which contains 57 characters...
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